July 19, 1943 – September 23, 2025
An American Turkologist, specialist in Turkic and Turko-Mongolic linguistic relations. He received his education at Indiana University, where he also worked as a visiting professor, and authored a number of fundamental studies.
His research made an important contribution to the study of Old Turkic texts, Turkic-Mongolic contacts, Buryat historical phonetics, and lexicography. Among his most notable works are studies on Mongolic elements in Old Turkic monuments, Turkic loanwords in Mongolic, 18th-century Buryat glossaries, and Turkic Manichaean literature.