Mongolic monuments › Xianbei, Tabghach, Rouran, Khüis Tolgoi
Works on the languages of the Xianbei, the Tabghach (Tuoba), the Rouran and other peoples whose languages are classed as Para-Mongolic, on the Brāhmī inscriptions of Khüis Tolgoi and Bugut, and on Para-Mongolic as a whole. Works on history are not included. All works can be downloaded. Khitan has a page of its own: Khitan (Para-Mongolic) .
Hölzl A. (2017). New evidence on Para-Mongolic numerals . Journal de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 96, 2017, 97-113 PDF · 0.5 MB Janhunen J. (2003). Para-Mongolic . Janhunen J. (ed.), The Mongolic Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2003, 391-402, London; New York: Routledge PDF · 10.3 MB Rykin P. (2019). Review of: Andrew Shimunek, Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China (Tunguso-Sibirica 40). Wiesbaden 2017 . Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher, Neue Folge 27, 2019, 287-299 PDF · 0.9 MB Shimunek A. (2017). Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: A Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology . Tunguso-Sibirica 40, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz PDF · 7.0 MB Shimunek A. (2018). Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China. Addenda et Corrigenda - post publication (revised by the author 2018/1/20) PDF · 0.4 MB Shiratori K. (1900). Über die Sprache des Hiung-nu-Stammes und der Tung-hu-Stämme . Tokio: Kokubunsha PDF · 3.7 MB Bazin L. (1950). Recherches sur les parlers T'o-pa (5e siècle après J.C.) . T'oung Pao 39, 4/5, 1950, 228-329 PDF · 2.4 MB Beckwith (2005). On the Chinese names for Tibet, Tabghatch, and the Turks . Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 14, 2005, 5-20 PDF · 2.2 MB Boodberg P.A. (1936). The Language of the T'o-Pa Wei . Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 1, 2, 1936, 167-185 PDF · 0.5 MB Chen Sanping (2005). Turkic or Proto-Mongolian? A Note on the Tuoba Language . Central Asiatic Journal 49/2, 2005, 161-174 PDF · 4.4 MB Chen Sanping 陳三平, Guo Zhongwu 郭仲武 (1996). “奴才”考—原始蒙古語彙華化一例 ("Nucai" kao — yuanshi Menggu yuhui Huahua yi li; A study of "nucai": an example of the sinicization of a Proto-Mongolic word) PDF · 2.5 MB Ligeti L. (1970). Le Tabghatch, un dialecte de la langue Sien-pi . Ligeti L. (ed.), Mongolian Studies (Bibliotheca Orientalis Hungarica 14), 1970, 265-308, Amsterdam: B. R. Grüner; Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó PDF · 11.5 MB Vovin A. (2007). Once Again on the Tabγač Language . Mongolian Studies 29, 2007, 191-206 PDF · 0.4 MB Лигети Л. (1969). Табгачский язык — диалект сяньбийского . Народы Азии и Африки, 1969, 1, 107-117 PDF · 0.9 MB Janhunen J. (2006). From Manchuria to Amdo Qinghai: on the ethnic implications of the Tuyuhun migration . Pozzi A., Janhunen J.A., Weiers M. (eds.), Tumen jalafun jecen akū: Manchu studies in honour of Giovanni Stary (Tunguso Sibirica 20), 2006, 107-119, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz PDF · 2.4 MB Pelliot P. (1912). Les noms tibétains des T'ou-yu-houen et des Ouigours . Journal Asiatique, 10e sér., 20, 1912, 520-523 PDF · 0.2 MB Pelliot P. (1921). Note sur les T'ou-yu-houen et les Sou-p'i . T'oung Pao 20 (5), 1920-1921, 323-331 PDF · 0.5 MB Rykin P. (2025). A New Etymology of the Name of the Rouran . Journal Asiatique 313 (1), 2025, 101-127 PDF · 0.8 MB Shimunek A. (2018). Early Serbi-Mongolic-Tungusic Lexical Contact: Jurchen Numerals from the 室韋 Shirwi (Shih-wei) in North China . Á.B. Apatóczky, C.P. Atwood (eds.), Philology of the Grasslands: Essays in Mongolic, Turkic, and Tungusic Studies, 2018, 331-346, Leiden; Boston: Brill PDF · 1.0 MB Vovin A. (2015). 吐谷浑语札记：沿着伯希和的足迹 (Tuyuhunyu zhaji: yanzhe Boxihe de zuji; Some notes on the Tuyuhun (吐谷渾) language: in the footsteps of Paul Pelliot) . Journal of Sino-Western Communications 7 (2), Dec. 2015, 157-166 PDF · 0.7 MB Zhuo Hongze 卓鴻澤 (2010). 吐谷渾的藏文拼寫、藏文名稱及其阿爾泰語源 (Tuyuhun de Zangwen pinxie, Zangwen mingcheng ji qi A'ertai yuyuan; The Tibetan spelling and Tibetan name of the Tuyuhun and their Altaic etymology) . Xiyu lishi yuyan yanjiu jikan 西域歷史語言研究集刊 3, 17-31 PDF · 3.6 MB de la Vaissière É., Maue D., Ölmez M., Vovin A. (2018). The Khüis Tolgoi Inscription [preface to the four publications] . Journal Asiatique 306 (2), 2018, 285 PDF · 0.0 MB Maue D. (2017). The Khüis Tolgoi inscription: signs and sounds . draft paper, PIAC 2017 (Székesfehérvár), posted on academia.edu PDF · 19.2 MB Maue D., Ölmez M. The Khüis Tolgoi inscription . pp. 73-89 of an unidentified volume PDF · 2.2 MB Ölmez M. (2019). A Short History of the Bugut Inscription . Journal Asiatique 307 (1), 2019, 91-96 PDF · 0.8 MB Vovin A. (2017). Interpretation of the Hüis Tolgoi Inscription . presentation, PIAC 2017 PDF · 0.6 MB Vovin A. (2018). An Interpretation of the Khüis Tolgoi Inscription . Journal Asiatique 306 (2), 2018, 303-313 PDF · 0.6 MB Vovin A. (2019). A Sketch of the Earliest Mongolic Language: The Brāhmī Bugut and Khüis Tolgoi Inscriptions . International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics 1, 2019, 162-197 PDF · 2.6 MB Vovin A. (2019). Groping in the Dark: The First Attempt to Interpret the Bugut Brāhmī Inscription . Journal Asiatique 307 (1), 2019, 121-134 PDF · 1.1 MB