Monumenta Altaica

tėŋgiri	sky
naran	sun
sara	moon
xôdun	star
ke (= kėi)	wind
e'ulen	cloud
xunin	smoke
kira'u	frost
molsun	ice
časun	snow
doŋqôdun	thunder
čüse	pelting rain
qura	rain
ši'uderen	dew
soraŋxa	rainbow
monijar	brume
gilibeligan	lightning
mundur	hail
ojalar (tėŋgirijin ~)	Млечный Путь Milky Way
qačar	land
šira'u	earth, ground
a'ula	mountain
xoi (= xuai)	forest
muren	river
na'ur	lake
qôroxan	mountain brook
če'ele	brook, creek
qumaki	sand
bulax	spring, well
subax	runnel, kennel
tarijan	field
tarijači	farmer, peasant
bax	garden
šibe'e	fence
joxurqa	fence, hedge
tô'osun	dust, dirt
šibar	dirt, mud
šildejen	village, hamlet
usun	water
dalai	sea
doligijan	wave
elesun	pebble
ergi	bank
ujer	flood, spate
čila'un	stone, rock
ke'er	steppe, desert
mor	road, trace
taba'an	pass, notch
kôdo'e	land, province
bo'am	dam, barrage
amasar	gape, hole
balaxasun	tower, city
ulus	state
bačar	city, market
gurijen	well, fence
derge'ur	main road
obo'o	burial stones
qabur	spring (season)
čun	summer
namur	autumn, fall
ubul	winter
čax	time
xon	year
udur	day, daytime
süeni	night
duli (udur ~)	middleday
udeši	evening
čiliger	heat time
kojiten	cold
bulijan	warm
seri'un	breezy, cool
qala'un	hot
dula'an	hot, sunheat
korbe	iced, cold
čue'en	chill
qata'ar	early, first
manaxar (erte)	tomorrow
šini (udur ~)	the first day of the new year
čabusar (~ süeni)	midnight
beler (~ erde)	ancient times
edô'e	now
narasun	pine
arča	juniper
gulusun	bamboo
čigôrsun	cypress tree
qailasun	elm
xičesun	willow
borokečeu	blackthorn
čibuqan	jujube
alima	apple tree
čemiši	fruit
gujlesun	apricot
udzün	grape
či'ax	walnut
čeček	flower
geši'un	branch
nabučin	leaf
xudza'ur	root
kamqa'ul	tumble-weed
širaličin	nettle
xüre	semen
qônox	millet, чумиза
arbe	barley
bu'udai	wheat
tuturqan	rice cereals
amun	rice
burčax	pea, bean
qôqôsun	onion
so'uaŋgina	onion, sorrel
sarimsax	garlic
maŋgir	odorous garlic, черемша
qa'un	pumpkin
arbus	water-melon
qabax	vegetable marrow
badiŋqa (~ bačiŋqa)	aubergin
kiči	mustard
turma	turnip
ebesun	grass
modun	tree
luŋ	dragon
bars	tiger
kers	rhinoceros
arslan	lion
otôga	bear
moren	horse
axta	gelding riding horse
ačirxa	stallion
ge'un	mare
lausa	mule
elčigan	donkey
unuxan	colt (before 2 years)
xuger	ox
xugeči	shepherd
qônin	sheep
xoninči	sheep's herdsman
čeren	yellow antelope
qaqai	pig
qaban	boar
tuqul	calf
čü'eberi	jackal
čino	wolf
bečin	ape, monkey
xunegan	fox
kirsa	sand fox
aratai	predator
buqu	he-deer
buluxan	sable, game
qarxulax	small tiger
miči	cat
temejen	camel
ča'an	elefant
taulai	hare
čixar	musky deer
qali'un	otter
noxai	dog
gučü(i)	bitch
odos	yak
čarijan	hedgehog
mekiči	pork
unejen	cow
buto	buffalo
jima'an	goat
xuluqana	mouse
noman	mole
qurixan	lamb
xuča	ram
uguna	billy-goat
čiqasun	fish
nax menegai	turtle
menegai	turtle
xa'aličin	spider
xerbegai	butterfly
moxai	snake
boko'una	gad-fly
šimu'ul	mosquito
čėurge	locust
qôRoxai	worm
široxalčin	ant
bo'esun	louse
burge	flea
čumuran	ground-squirrel
šibau'un	bird
qaRudi	phoenix
buRugut	hawk, berkut
alaxta'un	daw, jackdaw
tuRa'un	crow
kučene	turtle-dove (горлица)
uli	owl
xarčixai	hawk (сокол)
kirgui	hawk (ястреб)
xele'e	kite
takija	hen, chicken
qalau'un	goose
gungir	male duck
tôti	parrot
xaRijača	swallow (bird)
sačixai	magpie
xurqa'ul	feasant
kokorčigan	dove, pigeon
noqôsun	duck
kidarčixan	sparrow
tau'us	peacock
šėŋxôr	merlin
qun	swan
lačen	a k. of hawk
jitelogu	hazel-hen hunting hawk (ястреб-перепелятник
turimtai	a k. of hunting bird
bodena	quail
sar	duck-hawk, harrier
čü(i)xur	horned owl
lax	grouse (ŋ)
čaxalimai	crossbil
qara'una	a k. of bird ('water'+'old')
odun	feather
čėu'ur	wing
ba'ul	claw
tuRu'un	hoof
eber	horn
arasun	skin
xôši'un	beak
del	crest, mane
se'ul	tail
kairsun	scale
kôjisun	navel
jasun	bone
amdegan	egg
nisi-qu	to fly
gue-ku, gue	to run, to go
iŋuliča-xan	to neigh
xučam	to bark
mo'eram	to bellow
mailam	to bleat
murgučeli-dun (< murguliče-)	to gore
e'uden	gate, entry
xa'alqa	door
bosoxa	doorstep
nirisun, niri'un (gerün ~)	spine, house-top
qabusun, xabusun (geryn ~)	chest клетка, veranda, porch
tulxa	pole, pillar
ger	house
ke'urge	bridge
kerbiši	brick
kebit	shop, store
sume ger	joss-house
qoRijan	bailey, court
ordô ger	palace
suburqan	obelisk, memorial
čaxurasun	residence
ni'e	to open
qa'a-	to close
tergen	cart
gurdun	wheel, cart-wheel
aral	axle, pivot
kekesun	arm, rung, radius
mo'er	felloe, rim
bulu	hob
iŋulax	trunk, carcass (кузов)
čilbur	bridle
mina'a	lash
qalqa	shield
čida	lance, pike
uldu	sword
suke	axe
numun	bow
ko	bowstring
oraŋqa	banner, flag
qada'ar	bridle
doro'e	ring in bull's nose, stirrup
qujax	armour, mail
du'uluqa	helm
sumun	arrow
orbu'ur	gun, cannon
korge	big drum
kaŋgerge	small drum
ančasun	plough
qatu'ur	sickle
oŋqača	pan, trough
de'esun	thread
jatuxan	music
loŋqa	bottle
čaxun (~ ajaqa)	small cup, pan
cup, pan; small cup, pan	ajaqa, ajaqa (čaxun ~)
xalbuxua	spoon, laddle
čara	cup
tabukei	sieve, cribble
talabar	tray, dish
jiraqa	tea-kettle, tea-pot
čix	bamboo screen
gumerge	buttery, larder
xuxuta	pouch, bag
sam	comb
čeu'un (=žau~žo)	needle
čüla	lamp
gečigi'ur	step of stair
sorbi	staff, stick
ši'urge	broom
tamqa	stamp
saba	battery, dish
uzuk	(!-z-) writing, stylo
ča'alsun	paper
beke	ink
golimi	net
xubuči'ur	big net
toxo'an	kettle
küaŋxo	pestle
a'ur	mortar
širi'e	spit
toli	mirror
čiji'ulsun	matting
jiseri	chair
dere	cusion
batman	weigher
xajiči	scissors
čau'orqa (=šau~šo)	bolt
čiri'ur	key
sančali	seat, chair
čargi	knacker, castanets
šaŋ	gong
qal	fire
ne'uresun	coal
dejel, de'el-ün (~ čaxa)	clothes
qormai	clothes' lap
čaRux	shoe, footwear
qudusun	boot (сапог)
sisgai	felt
olosun	hamp
čuča'an, čüča'an (~ dejel)	thick
čaxa (de'elün ~)	collar
kančun	sleeve
buči	braid, cord, belt
buse	belt
emudun	trousers
debusger	mat, mattress
končile	blanket
korge	curtain
kojimusun	(khuo- instead xuo-) felt socks
čama	brocade
xarxumi	embroidery
joŋqor	raw silk
kip	boiled silk cloth
oličin	linen, cloth
xudasun	thread
mindasun	cotton wad
bosun	cotton cloth
amusun	gruel
buda'an	rice gruel, cereal
darasun	vine
šulen	soup
dabusun	salt
e'ukun	fat
tosun	butter
utmek	bread
mixan	meat
širaxasam (~ mixan)	roasted meat
qataxasam (~ mixan)	the meat of the best taste
tarak	soured milk
esuk	horse's milk
aijirax	horse's milk
xurut	curd
a'arči	a k. of curd
bišilax	cheese
širke	vinegar
am	remedy
amtan	taste
amsa	to taste
qoli	to add spice
čina	to boil
etke-	to cut, slice
ide	to eat
oles-be	to hunger
čat-ba	to be satiated
altan	gold
moŋgun	silver
erdini	jewelry
qaši	jasper
subut	pearl
tana	mother of pearl
čes	copper
tu'ulgan	lead
temur	iron
čo'os (=čau-)	money
bolor	crystal, pebble
golejen (~ usun)	mercury
širemun	crude iron (чугун)
xaxan	emperor
tušimel	dignitary
nojan	noble, grand
čerik	soldier
gu'un	man, person
uran	craftsman, master
otoči	doctor
tolegeči	prophet, priest
baxči	gardener
saiqalen	friend, companion
čočin (=žau~žo)	matchmaker
otogu (~ gu'un)	old man
ečen	householder, master
bo'ol	slave
jirgen	people, folk
uridus	ancestor(s)
ečige	father
ebin	uncle, elder father's brother
abaqa	uncle, minor father's brother
eke	mother
axai (~ ekeči)	elder aunt
naxačü(i)	uncle (mother's brother)
čeje	grandchild
aqa	elder brother
ekči	elder sister
do'ji	younger sister
de'u	younger brother
beRigan	wife of elder brother
gergai	wife
no'un	child, baby, son
okin	daughter
ko'un	child, baby
jin	niece, nephew (by mother)
beri	daughter-in-law
guregėn	son-in-law
epke	wife's father
emege , emegu'un	wife's mother, progenitor; female, woman
elenčük	grand-grand-mother
boroxai	grand-grand-father
ači	grandchild (male, by father)
eregu'un	man
xatun	qaghan's wife, noble's wife
emegan	old woman
kėušėŋ	small boy
uri-sadun	ancestor
daulaxči	singer
xudulči	merchant
čixuči	fisher
abači	hunter
bičeči	writer
amitan	(Pl) uterine
kita(t)	chinese
maŋxo(l)	friend, own tribe, tribesman
burxan	Buddha
sarta'un	moslems
bo'e	medecine-man, shaman
jituxan	shamanese, witch
tojin	monk
čitkor	demon
uaŋgun	saint
o'erün , o'eRün (~ durabar)	own; freedom, independence
bi	I
či	you, thou
bida	we
nokor	friend
mino	mine
čino	thine
jino	his, her
adu'uči	herdsman
bau'urči	cook
elčin	ambassador
ulači	cavalier, rider
ba'atur	hero
belbisun	widow, widower
guda	parent-in-law
teče'emel (~ ko'un)	educated child
bača	brother-in-law
qulasun	thief
sonos	to hear
uče	to see
šixačėu'uče	to spy (really a noun 'spy')
nėŋči	to search, seek, chase (perhaps a noun)
uxtu	to meet
maxta-	to loud, carol
surxa-	to teach
bari-	to take, keep
ergu	to erect, elevate
neme	to add, patch
bau'uRa'ul	to minify (Caus.)
čoloduba	to meet
otorle	to urge, cause
seReba	to feel, sense
medeba	to know, understand
taniba	to recognize, know
uqa	to economize, keep
toxto'a	to establish, constitute
daqa	to accompany, follow
durat	to hope, consider
setki	to think, contemplate
boluxa'a	to investigate
asax	to ask
gurbe	to touch, attain
toritke	to stay, stand
ča'a	to inform, notice
qaqača	to divide
guliče	to wait
so'aŋgu	to choose, select
na'adun	to play, disport
jabu	to go
qari, qari'un	to return, return
jire	to come
uge	word, to say (ŋ)
daula	to sing, make noise
unta	to sleep
norus	to doze, be dormant
uri	to call
gure	to ask, call, desire
qurim	feast
soxtaba	drunked
boči	to dance, play music
šisgir	to roar, howl
oŋši	to read, declaim
gubur	to beat
soko	to abuse, insult
sogat	to kneel
amu	song
sa'u	to seat
murgu	to bow head
čeu'udun	dream
seri-be	to be awake
bai'i	to stand, stay
uele	work, practice
jor-či (= jau-)	to go out, away
oro	to come in, into
qar	to go out
jine'e	to be happy, to lough
sonči-	to neglect, contemn
xüde	to accompany, attend
xelumu	to be sad, anguish
bajas-ba	to be fine, joy
xiče	to be confused
qolu-ba	to dislike, hate
xaimos-ba	to hate
kičejaŋgu	to work, be diligent
jaram	busy, occupied
ta'a	jealousy, doubt
čirqalaŋ	happy
a'iu	to fear
kiliŋlam	to be annoyed, rage
čobolaŋ (=žau~žo)	warry, agony
ta'alam	to love
čalixai	to be lazy
qajilalam	to pity, spare
so'iurqa	to cheer, foster
amoRax	beloved one, friend, companion
bejan	rich
uge'u	to be destitute, suffer
čidaxči	potent
mergan	mighty, powerful
qalam	anxious
moŋqax	stupid
qani	to be stupid, mad
miŋsešen	wise, having quick memory
biši'un	fair, comfortable, smart
epke	roll, wind, coil
bur-ku	to cover
el-ku	to hang on, wear
te'e	to transport, bear
nokči	to follow, go after
šitu	to believe, found
ši'ur	to sweep
tuligi	to push
delet	to beat, drub
asqa	to pour out, sift
tata	to pull
xurba	to turn, reverse
talibi	to put on, release
tet-ku	to recline, bear on
tusür	to pour out
abura	to save, rescue
sana	to deem, compute, think
qu'iu	to ask for, seek, pray
ok	to give
abu	to take
eri	to seek, search
daru	to press
qadaqala	to control, administer
xuja	to bind
toxu	to saddle
kotol	to guide, drive
noko	to add, patch
mulitul	to take off, move out
xudalidu	to send
etuldu	to discuss, agree
čokija (žau-~žo-)	to create, make in order
ta'ul	to understand, distinguish
uruxši (~ jire)	(to come) before
ne'utke	to change
asara	to take a care, guard
xači (~ qari'un)	to thank
eneri-kui	to pity
xurija	to gather
jilxa	to distinguish, discern
šilta'an	reason, cause
qatu'ar (Ins.)	together
nokoče	to be in a company
šintaRam	to hesitate
dapdan	politeness, courtesy
jixejen	to protect, defend
če'u-čėu	to belt
qarbu	to shoot with an arrow
durabar (o'elün ~) (Ins.)	independence, freedom
xa'axlam	dread, fear
xula'an	red
koko	blue
šira	yellow
čaxan	white
qara	black
noxo'an	green
čixijin
al	deep red, deep purple
šijidam	trivial coloured
boro	ashes coloured
dau'un	sound, voice
uaŋgo	colour
seu'uder	shadow
gerel	light, bright
a'ur	air, atmosphere
gu'i	odour, smell
nikan	one
xojar	two
xurban	three
dorben	four
tabun	five
čir'ua'an	six
dolo'an	seven
naiman	eight
jesun	nine
xarban	ten
xoren	twenty
qučin	thirty
dočin	forty
tabin	fifty
čiran	sixty
dalan	seventy
naijan	eighty
jeren	ninety
ča'un	hundred
mingan	thousand
tumen	ten thousands
tuk (~ tumen)	very much (10000*10000)
to'an	number
kedun	how many, how much
olon	much, multiple, very
čuejen	little
ču'iR	shape, sight, class
koši	pair
qaxča	lonely, solitary
ore'elsun	half
süruk	drove, troop, group
kesek	part
čarim	half
dabuxur	layer, stratum
beje	body
teri'un	head
ni'ur	face
nidun	eye
maŋlai	forehead
qačar	cheek
qabar	nose
aman	mouth
šidun	tooth
kelen	tongue
čikin	ear
xanisqa	eyebrow
sormue	eyelid
xüsun	hair
saxal	beard
xurül	lip
xo'olai	throat
kuču'un	neck
muro	shoulder
ebuče'un	breast
aru	back
oro	centre of the breast, lungs' plexus
čurokan	heart
su'u	armpit
qar	hand
toqai	elbow
xalaqan	palm of the hand
quru'un	finger
kimusun	nail, claw
nudurxa	fist
ke'eli	belly
xeligan	liver
a'ušigi	lungs
šuelüsun	gall
gedesun	barrel, pod
deli'un	spleen
kojisun	navel
qabirxa	rib
bo'ere	kidney
bel	loin
kol	foot
ö[li]mi	upper part of a foot, metatarsus
ula	foot's sole
osogo	heel
tobuk	knee
šilibi	shin
ši'a	ankle, huckle-bone
jasun	bone
čimegan	marrow
mixan	meat
čisun	blood
sudasun	vein, thread
širbusun	sinew, tendon
kolüesun	sweat
nisun	snot, snivel
mėŋge	birth-mark
nilbusun	tear
taRasun	bald, naked
doxalaŋ	lame
soxar	blind
dulaiji	deaf
kelegai	stammerer, dumb
taluxun	fat
turuxan	thin
amin	life
niules-kui	humanity
naira-qui	debt, justice, right
tore	law, sacral law
iosun (~iau-)	tradition, real law
uxa'an	mind, comprehension
bišire'ul	belief
čorix (žo-~žau-)	ambition, aspiration, will-power
aburi	goodness, morality
dorona	east
emune	south
xoRone	west
umere	north
dunda	middle
dora	down
de'ere	upwards
dotora	into
xadana	outside
urida	before
qojina	backside, afterwards
če'un	left
bara'un	right
ča'ura	gap, middle
kiča'ar	border, limit
uču'ur	stalk, stem
xiru'ar	bottom, foundation
berke	hard, difficult
kilibar	easy, light
bue	to be (Aux.)
ugai	not to be
ulu	not, no
butugai	to finish, close
adali	similar
sačeu	identically, similar
čuep	real, right
buru'u	false, untrue
maqat	probably, perhaps
xoxtorxu	emptiness
oter	quickly, hurry
alu'ur	slow
turgen	solid, reliable
dolüejen	calm, quiet, slow
jeke	big
uču(i)gan	small
undur	long, high
boxoni	short, low
kundu	heavy
küaŋgan	light in weight
urdu	long
oKor	short
Kolo	far away
ojira	near
gun	deep
gojen	shallow
a'ue	broad
xi'utan	narrow
kondolen	across
undus	to stay vertically
tubušin	right, flat, plain
čueli'u	oblique
gegejen	light, bright
buluŋgir	muddy, dreggy
du'uren	full
orgen	broad
šini	new
qa'učin	old, time-worn
togarik	round
qabataxai	flat
ningen	thin, weak
čuča'an	thick
čue'elen	soft, weak
qatau'u	strong, hard
o'eŋgu	hooked, awry, broken
šidurxu	honest
čiqul	narrow
tarqa	bulge
delike	to spread out
qurča	sharp
moxodax	blunt
keberek	fragile
torün	before
bara-ba	to end, stop
udu[ri]	forward, before
tegusi	equal
jada-m	to be unable
čida-m	to can
mau'un	bed
sajin	good, fine, nice
amuxulaŋ	peace
qaqarxaj	evident, clear
tetulu	somersault
jende	here
tende	there
sajitur	with a pleasure
ja'un kereg	what is the matter
ojiri	near
eče'egurtele	acceptable
gunke	peace (taipin)
ali	which
daruj-dur	now, at this moment
ulu xaličaxu	without any difficulty
dau'uber	poor, lean
e'uber	poor, lean
kerbe	if
keduj-ba	although
ker	if
kejen	in this way, so called